本文目录一览：
- 1、托福阅读真题：TPO11原文及答案
- 2、托福TPO1阅读真题原文及答案翻译part3
- 3、2021年10月16日托福口语考试真题回顾
- 4、2021年11月20日托福阅读考试真题及答案
- 5、2021年8月托福口语考试真题（8月21日）
- 6、托福2021年11月20日作文考试真题及答案
- 7、2021年10月30日托福写作考试真题及解析
- 8、2021年11月13日托福听力考试真题及答案
- 9、2021年10月16日托福写作考试真题回顾
托福阅读真题：TPO11原文及答案
TPO模考工具是我没复习托福非常好的帮手，属于我们一定要好好利用，下面我给大家带来托福阅读真题:TPO11原文及答案，欢迎阅读参考！
托福阅读真题:TPO11原文
Ancient Egyptian Sculpture
In order to understand ancient Egyptian art, it is vital to know as much as possible of the elite Egyptians' view of the world and the functions and contexts of the art produced for them. Without this knowledge we can appreciate only the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why it was produced or the concepts that shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms. In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposes of Egyptian art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures: Why did the Egyptians not develop sculpture in which the body turned and twisted through space like classical Greek statuary? Why do the artists seem to get left and right confused? And why did they not discover the geometric perspective as European artists did in the Renaissance? The answer to such questions has nothing to do with a lack of skill or imagination on the part of Egyptian artists and everything to do with the purposes for which they were producing their art.
The majority of three-dimensional representations, whether standing, seated, or kneeling, exhibit what is called frontality: they face straight ahead, neither twisting nor turning. When such statues are viewed in isolation, out of their original context and without knowledge of their function, it is easy to criticize them for their rigid attitudes that remained unchanged for three thousand years. Frontality is, however, directly related to the functions of Egyptian statuary and the contexts in which the statues were set up. Statues were created not for their decorative effect but to play a primary role in the cults of the gods, the king, and the dead. They were designed to be put in places where these beings could manifest themselves in order to be the recipients of ritual actions. Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at what was happening in front of it, so that the living performer of the ritual could interact with the divine or deceased recipient. Very often such statues were enclosed in rectangular shrines or wall niches whose only opening was at the front, making it natural for the statue to display frontality. Other statues were designed to be placed within an architectural setting, for instance, in front of the monumental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they would be placed against or between pillars: their frontality worked perfectly within the architectural context.
Statues were normally made of stone, wood, or metal. Stone statues were worked from single rectangular blocks of material and retained the compactness of the original shape. The stone between the arms and the body and between the legs in standing figures or the legs and the seat in seated ones was not normally cut away. From a practical aspect this protected the figures against breakage and psychologically gives the images a sense of strength and power, usually enhanced by a supporting back pillar. By contrast, wooden statues were carved from several pieces of wood that were pegged together to form the finished work, and metal statues were either made by wrapping sheet metal around a wooden core or cast by the lost wax process. The arms could be held away from the body and carry separate items in their hands; there is no back pillar. The effect is altogether lighter and freer than that achieved in stone, but because both perform the same function, formal wooden and metal statues still display frontality.
Apart from statues representing deities, kings, and named members of the elite that can be called formal, there is another group of three-dimensional representations that depicts generic figures, frequently servants, from the nonelite population. The function of these is quite different. Many are made to be put in the tombs of the elite in order to serve the tomb owners in the afterlife. Unlike formal statues that are limited to static poses of standing, sitting, and kneeling, these figures depict a wide range of actions, such as grinding grain, baking bread, producing pots, and making music, and they are shown in appropriate poses, bending and squatting as they carry out their tasks.
Paragraph 1: In order to understand ancient Egyptian art, it is vital to know as much as possible of the elite Egyptians' view of the world and the functions and contexts of the art produced for them. Without this knowledge we can appreciate only the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why it was produced or the concepts that shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms. In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposes of Egyptian art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures: Why did the Egyptians not develop sculpture in which the body turned and twisted through space like classical Greek statuary? Why do the artists seem to get left and right confused? And why did they not discover the geometric perspective as European artists did in the Renaissance? The answer to such questions has nothing to do with a lack of skill or imagination on the part of Egyptian artists and everything to do with the purposes for which they were producing their art.
托福阅读真题:TPO11题目
1. The word “vital” in the passage is closest in meaning to
attractive
essential
usual
practical
2. Paragraph 1 suggests that one reason Egyptian art is viewed less favorably than other art is that Egyptian art lacks
a realistic sense of human body proportion
a focus on distinctive forms of varying sizes
the originality of European art
the capacity to show the human body in motion
3. In paragraph 1, the author mentions all of the following as necessary in appreciating Egyptian art EXCEPT an understanding of
the reasons why the art was made
the nature of aristocratic Egyptian beliefs
the influences of Egyptian art on later art such as classical Greek art
how the art was used
Paragraph 2: The majority of three-dimensional representations, whether standing, seated, or kneeling, exhibit what is called frontality: they face straight ahead, neither twisting nor turning. When such statues are viewed in isolation, out of their original context and without knowledge of their function, it is easy to criticize them for their rigid attitudes that remained unchanged for three thousand years. Frontality is, however, directly related to the functions of Egyptian statuary and the contexts in which the statues were set up. Statues were created not for their decorative effect but to play a primary role in the cults of the gods, the king, and the dead. They were designed to be put in places where these beings could manifest themselves in order to be the recipients of ritual actions. Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at what was happening in front of it, so that the living performer of the ritual could interact with the divine or deceased recipient. Very often such statues were enclosed in rectangular shrines or wall niches whose only opening was at the front, making it natural for the statue to display frontality. Other statues were designed to be placed within an architectural setting, for instance, in front of the monumental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they would be placed against or between pillars: their frontality worked perfectly within the architectural context.
4. According to paragraph 2, why are Egyptian statues portrayed frontality?
To create a psychological effect of distance and isolation
To allow them to fulfill their important role in ceremonies of Egyptian life
To provide a contrast to statues with a decorative function
To suggest the rigid, unchanging Egyptian philosophical attitudes
5. The word “context” in the passage is closest in meaning to
connection
influence
environment
requirement
6. The author mentions “an architectural setting” in the passage in order to
suggest that architecture was as important as sculpture to Egyptian artists
offer a further explanation for the frontal pose of Egyptian statues
explain how the display of statues replaced other forms of architectural decoration
illustrate the religious function of Egyptian statues
7. The word “they” in the passage refers to
statues
gateways
temples
pillared courts
Paragraph 3: Statues were normally made of stone, wood, or metal. Stone statues were worked from single rectangular blocks of material and retained the compactness of the original shape. The stone between the arms and the body and between the legs in standing figures or the legs and the seat in seated ones was not normally cut away. From a practical aspect this protected the figures against breakage and psychologically gives the images a sense of strength and power, usually enhanced by a supporting back pillar. By contrast, wooden statues were carved from several pieces of wood that were pegged together to form the finished work, and metal statues were either made by wrapping sheet metal around a wooden core or cast by the lost wax process. The arms could be held away from the body and carry separate items in their hands; there is no back pillar. The effect is altogether lighter and freer than that achieved in stone, but because both perform the same function, formal wooden and metal statues still display frontality.
8. According to paragraph 3, why were certain areas of a stone statue left uncarved?
To prevent damage by providing physical stability
To emphasize that the material was as important as the figure itself
To emphasize that the figure was not meant to be a real human being
To provide another artist with the chance to finish the carving
9. The word “core” in the passage is closest in meaning to
material
layer
center
frame
10. According to paragraph 3, which of the following statements about wooden statues is true?
Wooden statues were usually larger than stone statues.
Wooden statues were made from a single piece of wood.
Wooden statues contained pieces of metal or stone attached to the front.
Wooden statues had a different effect on the viewer than stone statues.
Paragraph 4: Apart from statues representing deities, kings, and named members of the elite that can be called formal, there is another group of three-dimensional representations that depicts generic figures, frequently servants, from the nonelite population. The function of these is quite different. Many are made to be put in the tombs of the elite in order to serve the tomb owners in the afterlife. Unlike formal statues that are limited to static poses of standing, sitting, and kneeling, these figures depict a wide range of actions, such as grinding grain, baking bread, producing pots, and making music, and they are shown in appropriate poses, bending and squatting as they carry out their tasks.
11. The word depicts in the passage is closest in meaning to
imagines
classifies
elevates
portrays
12. According to paragraph 4, what is the difference between statues that represent the Egyptian elite and statues that represent the nonelite classes?
Statues of the elite are included in tombs, but statues of the nonelite are not.
Statues of the elite are in motionless poses, while statues of the nonelite are in active poses.
Statues of the elite are shown standing, while statues of the nonelite are shown sitting or kneeling.
Statues of the elite serve an important function, while statues of the nonelite are decorative.
Paragraph 4: Apart from statues representing deities, kings, and named members of the elite that can be called formal, there is another group of three-dimensional representations that depicts generic figures, frequently servants, from the nonelite population. The function of these is quite different. Many are made to be put in the tombs of the elite in order to serve the tomb owners in the afterlife. Unlike formal statues that are limited to static poses of standing, sitting, and kneeling, these figures depict a wide range of actions, such as grinding grain, baking bread, producing pots, and making music, and they are shown in appropriate poses, bending and squatting as they carry out their tasks.
13. Look at the four squares [] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
In fact, it is the action and not the figure itself that is important.
Where would the sentence best fit?
14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
The distinctive look of ancient Egyptian sculpture was determined largely by its function.
Answer Choices
The twisted forms of Egyptian statues indicate their importance in ritual actions.
The reason Egyptian statues are motionless is linked to their central role in cultural rituals.
Stone, wood, and metal statues all display the feature of frontality.
Statues were more often designed to be viewed in isolation rather than placed within buildings.
The contrasting poses used in statues of elite and nonelite Egyptians reveal their difference in social status.
Although the appearances of formal and generic statues differ, they share the same function.
托福阅读真题:TPO11答案
1. 2
2. 4
3. 3
4. 2
5. 3
6. 2
7. 1
8.1
9. 3
10. 4
11. 4
12. 2
13. 4
14. The reason Egyptian
Stone, wood, and
The contrasting poses
托福阅读真题:TPO11原文及答案相关 文章 ：
★ 11.26托福考试解析之一:独立口语和写作
托福TPO1阅读真题原文及答案翻译part3
相信备考托福的同学都知道托福TPO的重要性，为了方便大家备考，下面我给大家整理出托福TPO1阅读真题原文及答案翻译，希望大家喜欢。
托福TPO1阅读真题原文Part3
Timberline Vegetation on Mountains
The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a dramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.
The upper timberline, like the snow line, is highest in the tropics and lowest in the Polar Regions. It ranges from sea level in the Polar Regions to 4,500 meters in the dry subtropics and 3,500-4,500 meters in the moist tropics. Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline. There are some areas, however, where broadleaf deciduous trees form the timberline. Species of birch, for example, may occur at the timberline in parts of the Himalayas.
At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is because middle- and upper- latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils.
There is still no universally agreed-on explanation for why there should be such a dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline. Various environmental factors may play a role. Too much snow, for example, can smother trees, and avalanches and snow creep can damage or destroy them. Late-lying snow reduces the effective growing season to the point where seedlings cannot establish themselves. Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes. Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor. Probably the most important environmental factor is temperature, for if the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots and buds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.
Above the tree line there is a zone that is generally called alpine tundra. Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants. Some plants can even survive in favorable microhabitats above the snow line. The highest plants in the world occur at around 6,100 meters on Makalu in the Himalayas. At this great height, rocks, warmed by the sun, melt small snowdrifts.
The most striking characteristic of the plants of the alpine zone is their low growth form. This enables them to avoid the worst rigors of high winds and permits them to make use of the higher temperatures immediately adjacent to the ground surface. In an area where low temperatures are limiting to life, the importance of the additional heat near the surface is crucial. The low growth form can also permit the plants to take advantage of the insulation provided by a winter snow cover. In the equatorial mountains the low growth form is less prevalent.
Paragraph 1: The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often adramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.
托福TPO1阅读真题题目Part3
1. The word "dramatic" in the passage is closest in meaning to
○gradual
○complex
○visible
○striking
2. Where is the lower timberline mentioned in paragraph 1 likely to be found?
○In an area that has little water
○In an area that has little sunlight
○Above a transition area
○On a mountain that has on upper timberline.
3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about both the upper and lower timberlines?
○Both are treeless zones.
○Both mark forest boundaries.
○Both are surrounded by desert areas.
○Both suffer from a lack of moisture.
Paragraph 2: The upper timberline, like the snow line, is highest in the tropics and lowest in the Polar Regions. It ranges from sea level in the Polar Regions to 4,500 meters in the dry subtropics and 3,500-4,500 meters in the moist tropics. Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline. There are some areas, however, where broadleaf deciduous trees form the timberline. Species of birch, for example, may occur at the timberline in parts of the Himalayas.
4. Paragraph 2 supports which of the following statements about deciduous trees?
○They cannot grow in cold climates.
○They do not exist at the upper timberline.
○They are less likely than evergreens to survive at the upper timberline.
○They do not require as much moisture as evergreens do.
Paragraph 3: At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is because middle- and upper- latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils.
5. The word "attain" in the passage is closest in meaning to
○require
○resist
○achieve
○endure
6. The word "they" in the passage refers to
○valleys
○trees
○heights
○ridges
7. The word "prone" in the passage is closest in meaning to
○adapted
○likely
○difficult
○resistant
8. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true of trees in the middle and upper latitudes?
○Tree growth is negatively affected by the snow cover in valleys
○Tree growth is greater in valleys than on ridges.
○Tree growth on ridges is not affected by high-velocity winds.
○Tree growth lasts longer in those latitudes than it does in the tropics.
Paragraph 4：There is still no universally agreed-on explanation for why there should be such a dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline. Various environmental factors may play a role. Too much snow, for example, can smother trees, and avalanches and snow creep can damage or destroy them. Late-lying snow reduces the effective growing season to the point where seedlings cannot establish themselves. Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes. Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor. Probably the most important environmental factor is temperature, for if the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots and buds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.
9. Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? In correct choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Because of their deformed shapes at high altitudes, trees are not likely to be seriously harmed by the strong winds typical of those altitudes.
○As altitude increases, the velocity of winds increase, leading to a serious decrease in the number of trees found at high altitudes.
○The deformed shapes of trees at high altitudes show that wind velocity, which increase with altitude, can cause serious hardship for trees.
○Increased wind velocity at high altitudes deforms the shapes of trees, and this may cause serious stress for trees.
10. In paragraph 4, what is the author's main purpose in the discussion of the dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline?
○To argue that none of several environment factors that are believed to contribute to that phenomenon do in fact play a role in causing it.
○To argue in support of one particular explanation of that phenomenon against several competing explanations
○To explain why the primary environmental factor responsible for that phenomenon has not yet been identified
○To present several environmental factors that may contribute to a satisfactory explanation of that phenomenon
Paragraph 6: The most striking characteristic of the plants of the alpine zone is their low growth form. This enables them to avoid the worst rigors of high winds and permits them to make use of the higher temperatures immediately adjacent to the ground surface. In an area where low temperatures are limiting to life, the importance of the additional heat near the surface is crucial. The low growth form can also permit the plants to take advantage of the insulation provided by a winter snow cover. In the equatorial mountains the low growth form is lessprevalent.
11. The word "prevalent" in the passage is closest in meaning to
○predictable
○widespread
○successful
○developed
12. According to paragraph 6, all of the following statements are true of plants in the alpine zone EXCEPT:
○Because they are low, they are less exposed to strong winds.
○Because they are low, the winter snow cover gives them more protection from the extreme cold.
○In the equatorial mountains, they tend to be lower than in mountains elsewhere.
○Their low growth form keeps them closer to the ground, where there is more heat than further up.
Paragraph 5: Above the tree line there is a zone that is generally called alpine tundra. █Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants. █Some plants can even survive in favorable microhabitats above the snow line. The highest plants in the world occur at around 6,100 meters on Makalu in the Himalayas. █At this great height, rocks, warmed by the sun, melt small snowdrifts. █
13. Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
This explains how, for example, alpine cushion plants have been found growing at an altitude of 6,180 meters.
Where would the sentence best fit?
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
At the timberline, whether upper or lower, there is a profound change in the growth of trees and other plants.
●
●
●
Answer choices
○Birch is one of the few species of tree that can survive in the extreme environments of the upper timberline.
○There is no agreement among scientists as to exactly why plant growth is sharply different above and below the upper timberline.
○The temperature at the upper timberline is probably more important in preventing tree growth than factors such as the amount of snowfall or the force of winds.
○The geographical location of an upper timberline has an impact on both the types of trees found there and their physical characteristics.
○High levels of ultraviolet light most likely play a greater role in determining tree growth at the upper timberline than do grazing animals such as the ibex.
○Despite being adjacent to the timberline, the alpine tundra is an area where certain kinds of low trees can endure high winds and very low temperatures
托福TPO1阅读真题答案Part3
答案：
1. ○4
2. ○1
3. ○2
4. ○3
5. ○3
6. ○2
7. ○2
8. ○1
9. ○3
10. ○4
11. ○2
12. ○3
13. ○4
14. There is no agreement among…
Despite being adjacent …
The geographical location of…
托福TPO1阅读真题Part3原文翻译
山上树带界线的植被
通常从山坡上的森林到没有树的苔原是一种非常戏剧化的转变。在一个垂直距离只有几十米的地方，树木这种生命形式就消失了，取而代之的是低矮的灌木、草本植物和牧草。这种快速过渡的区域被称为上行树带界线或林木线。在许多干旱的地区存在着下行树带界线，在这里由于缺乏水分森林变成干草原，甚至在最下端会出现沙漠。
上行树带界线，和雪线一样，在热带最高，在极地最低。从极地地区的海平面到干燥的亚热带地区的海拔4 500米处以及潮湿的热带地区海拔3 500米至4 500米处都有上行树带界线。树带界线内通常是常绿树，它们和处于上行树带界线处极端恶劣环境中生长的落叶树木相比，具有一定的优势。然而，在部分地区也有由落叶阔叶林组成的树带界线。例如，在喜马拉雅的部分地区，桦树就在树带界线上。
上行树带界线的树木开始扭曲和变形，尤其在中高纬度地区的树木，这些地区的树木往往会在山脊上长得更高，而在热带地区的树木则在山谷里长得更高;因为中高纬度地区树带界线受积雪覆盖时间和深度的影响很大。由于山谷中积雪覆盖较厚且持续时间很长，树木即便是生长在大风和贫瘠的土地里，也往往会在山脊上长得更高。在热带地区山谷里更有利于生长，因为山谷不易干涸、很少结霜，并且有更深的土壤。
目前还没有一个普遍认同的解释来说明为什么会在树带界线上出现树木停止生长这种戏剧化的现象。多种环境因素都起到作用，例如，积雪过多会让树木透不过气，雪崩和雪移能摧毁树木;长时间积雪缩短了有效生长季节的时间，树苗无法生长;另外，风速会随着海拔的升高而增加，增加树木承受的压力，很明显，正是这种风速带来的压力导致树木在高纬度地区发生变形。一些科学家提出，随着海拔的上升而不断增强的紫外线、野生山羊等动物的放养，都是导致树带界线形成的因素。或许最重要的环境因素是温度，因为如果生长季节太短并且气温太低，树芽和树苗都无法充分地成长而存活过冬季。
在林木线之上有一个称为高山苔原的地带。由于紧挨着树带界线，苔原上都是矮灌木、草本植物和牧草。随着海拔的增加，物种的数量和多样性会逐渐减少，直到出现大量空地伴着零星的苔藓和地衣这样的伏地垫状植物。有些植物甚至可以在雪线以上有利的微环境中生存，世界上海拔最高的植物是出现在喜马拉雅山上6 100百米的马卡鲁峰。在这个高度上，被阳光温暖过的岩石可以将 小雪 堆融化。
高山植物最突出的特点是其低矮的生长形态。这种特点使他们能够避开大风最强势的势头，并且有助于他们利用紧邻地 面相 对较高的温度。在这样一个低温限制生命的地区，地表提供的额外温度是至关重要的。低矮的生长形态也可以帮助植物充分利用冬季积雪所提供的保温环境。在赤道区的山脉上低矮的生长形态并不常见。
托福TPO1阅读真题原文及答案翻译相关 文章 ：
1. 托福阅读理解怎样提高成绩
2. 托福独立写作万能例子有哪些
3. 新托福阅读考试一篇文章几道题
4. 托福阅读理解需要读全文吗
5. 雅思托福阅读对比
6. 新托福阅读考试需要多长时间
7. 托福复习资料推荐哪个实用
8. 托福阅读用什么书复习备考
9. 托福阅读理解是4篇吗有几篇
2021年10月16日托福口语考试真题回顾
托福2021年10月16日的考试如今已经完成，相信很多学生对于这次考试的真题是很感兴趣的，现在它的考试真题也出来了。接下来就给大家讲讲这次托福考试口语部分的真题解析吧。
一、10月16日托福口语真题
Task 1
上午场：
Some people like to make decision based on their own experience while other people prefer to ask others for help such as family and friends. Which do you prefer and why？（10月Fancy口语机经第21题；重复2018.1.27）
解析：做决定的时候，有的人喜欢自己做决定，有的人喜欢寻求家人和朋友的帮助，你喜欢哪个？这道题选择寻求他人帮助，因为家人和朋友很了解我们，他们可以给我们很好的建议，帮助我们做出更好的决定；其次，寻求他人帮助可以增进沟通，加强关系。这道题可以使用「家人朋友」的语料。
下午场：
Do you agree or disagree with the statement that it is more important today than it was in the past to have university educaiton？
解析：你同不同意，跟以前对比，获得大学教育更重要了？这道题同意，因为大学教育的质量提高了，高等教育可以给我们提供一个更好的平台去学知识和积累经验，从而让我们成为更专业的人才，这里可以使用「大学教育」的yu＇l语料；其次，社会竞争越来越激烈，人们更需要大学文凭，才能在求职市场上突出。
Task 2
上午场：
Fine Arts Department ask graduates to to give art lessons to primary school children
下午场：
建议信：建议增加学校读诗社的人数，因为现在读书社的人数越来越少，建议采取两种方法，第一个建议：把读书会的时间从weekday的晚上改到weekday的下午，因为晚上人们总有事。第二个建议：是邀请读诗社的人的朋友来听他们读诗。
听力：支持这个观点，因为人们在weekday的晚上总是有事，因为很多人是要离开校园到城市里面去吃饭，男生说还有的同学晚上要打篮球，因此他们晚上没有时间，改到下午会好很多。然后女生说如果邀请朋友来读诗的话，这样会让很多人感兴趣，这样就而且这还会让越来越多的人来参与到这个董事会当中，因此是好方法。
Task 3
上午场：
Wood frogs lay eggs in venal pools， which are full of water in spring while dry up in winter.
下午场：
阅读：当我们做某些事情的时候，我们有可能会预想到它所出现的结果，以及所带来的情绪。当我们想到这个结果所可能出现的情绪的时候，就有可能让我们的行为发出改变。
听力：举了一个，他自己给妹妹买礼物的例子，有一次过节的时候他去商店给妹妹买节日礼物，但是在商店他看到了一件夹克，自己特别喜欢他就想把这个夹克买下来，但是如果他们配这件夹克的话，那么他就只剩很少的钱给妹妹买礼物，当他想到只能买很差的礼物给妹妹的时候，妹妹的情绪就会特别不好，妹妹就会不高兴，这个时候他为了让妹妹高兴，因此他就把夹克又放回去了，他用所有的钱来给妹妹买了一个很好的礼物。
Task 4
上午场：
Adversting strategies
下午场：
在某些特定的区域种植植物的时候，就要想办法进行水土保持。因为有些植物在比较干旱的环境当中，是无法进行生存的。这种环境水土保持的方法是专门去用那些抗旱的植物来保持水质。因为在沙漠当中，很多的植物是无法进行生存的，他们必须想办法来减少呼吸。防止水分的流失。而传统的灌溉的方法，在这样干旱的区域当中，必定会让大多数的水蒸发。用这种水土保持的方法，就会把水直接灌输到植物的根部，减少水分的流失。
二、托福口语练习技巧
1、时间把握很重要
掌握口语考试时间是非常重要的，独立口语的回答时间是45秒，综合口语的回答时间是60秒。掌握好时间很重要，因为时间掌握得好，我们可以在有限的时间内表达答案的要点。在考试结束时，答题就无效了，所以我们必须在平时的实践中注意把握时间。
2、材料和模板的积累
当我们回答独立口语时，需要使用我们积累的一些材料来证明观点。事实上，材料的内容可以是非常广泛的，只要它符合自己的论点。
这可以是你自己或朋友的经历，也可以是名人轶事。平时练习时，要注意积累各种题目的答题素材，以免在考试中无话可说。综合口语应该在练习中建立自己的答案模板。综合口语考试有很多科目，一些答案模板是为某些高频类别设置的，这可以帮助更好地总结答案。
2021年11月20日托福阅读考试真题及答案
阅读考试的体量和分数在托福考试中占比是比较大的，需要大家了解考试的要求。下面是我整理的2021年11月20日托福阅读考试真题及答案。
2021年11月20日托福阅读考试真题
R1
地球海洋怎么形成的
R2
鸟类集体活动
R3
两种不同的部落迁移方式
R4
一个时期的植物动物都很大，和含氧水平有关
托福阅读题型
一、细节题
先找到题目中的关键词，然后在阅读文章中找到这个关键词所在的前后所有句子，再去理解这几个句子的意思，对比题目中的四个选项，正确的选项通常是你找到的原文中句子的同义句或者是同义改写的句子。但是这种类型的题目很多正确的选项通常都表达的比较含蓄，或者是从一个思维方式上面进行的描述。
二、总结题
做这种题型的题目首先是要阅读文章每个段落的主旨句，然后再去看看选项中的答案，通过对比之后排除掉明显的错误答案，然后再比较剩下来的选项找出正确的。正确的选项是必须要和这个题目的关键句有关联的，或者是文章中段落的主旨句改写的。
三、词汇题
这种题是不需要解法的，要求学生在备考的过程中多背单词，这类题只能通过背单词来让正确率得到提升，在近几年考的最多的是熟悉的单词不同的意思，所以在背单词的时候一定要总结这种常见的单词更多不同的意思，并且要重点记这个单词不常见的意思，在考试过程中遇到的概率是非常大的。
四、推论题
首先是要找到题目中的关键词，再回到阅读文章中找到所有出现这个关键词的句子，然后再把所有出现关键词的句子综合起来总结信息，通常这类关键的信息都不会在原文中直接表达出来的，这种题目的正确选项通常都是表达的含蓄和抽象的，和细节题的做法是差不多的。
五、图表题
做这种题要把选项中的信息都分别带到原文中，然后按照原文的顺序进行分类，题目的正确答案通常是原文中提到的主要信息。
六、事实否定题
这类题目需要把选项中提到的关键词都在原文中找到，这类题目要求考生阅读的信息量很多，通常和原文中描述的信息相反的意思的是正确的，或者是在原文中没有提到的也是正确答案。
2021年8月托福口语考试真题（8月21日）
口语考试对于很多考生来说是有一定难度的，托福考试中的口语部分学生很难拿到高分，为大家带来了2021年8月21日托福口语考试真题，可以来看看。
2021年8月21日托福口语考试真题
1. 一些人喜欢保存老旧的物件；另一些喜欢把老旧的东西扔掉，你喜欢哪一种？
2. 同学提出proposal： 想让current students and alumni at the same field组一个什么program to let alumni give advices about what courses current students should take and so on.
听力：the woman disagrees with the proposal. She thinks he does not think it through. Students are busy and have no time to go off-campus. They could just go to the student office and ask for advice. Moreover， they might felt overwhelmed since professors and counselors already gave advises to them.
3. 广告是如何让消费者记住产品的？
听力：教授去沙龙，看到一本杂志，里面有很多广告，其中里面有一个看起来很成功的的男人看起来很贵的车。下一页接着是一个香水小样，再之后他进过一家香水店，进去本来没打算买东西但是看到了那天杂志上的香水。第一时间想到了那个成功男人和他的车。他本来也没打算买的，但或许是因为那个pleasant memory of the magazine...
4. 两种方案防止土壤堆积盐分：
1.修建管道，排出多余的水。地下水含盐量高，排出多余的水，那么盐分也会随着水分一起被排出。
2.种植抗盐植物。耐盐的植物可以在盐碱地中生长，这样农民仍然可以使用含盐的土壤进行种植生产。
托福口语考试注意细节
中国考生口语举例表达需重视文化差异
中国考生在举例表达时必须注意中西文化的差异，很多考生在阐述思想时能把中国文化中普遍认同的东西表达出来，却没有能够把中国人为何普遍认同这种东西其背后的原因和条件讲述出来。因为美国人对其背后的原因和条件一无所知，就很难明白你想表达的思想观点，甚至会认为你所表达的观点是荒唐的。
实例讲解中西方文化差异在口语中可能导致的问题
比如说，一个学生在谈到在中国用什么交通工具最好这一问题时，阐述了这一观点“Only the very wealthy people can afford to buy a car.”为了使美国人真正理解这句话，就必须按下面的方法来交代原因和条件：The living standard in China is still not very high. The average monthly income per person even in large and affluent cities is about 200 U. S. dollars. This income is just enough to cover the family expenses， without any money left for savings. Furthermore， cars in China are far more expensive than in the United States. The cheapest car in China would be about 10，000 dollars. Very few Chinese people can save enough to purchase a car， not to mention the cost of car maintenance.
托福口语零基础备考提升方法
说英文的语言环境
若有人问我：“学了如此多年英语，口语为何不见得有提升呢？”我能够十分负责任地回答：“这事儿不怪你！”口语是人与人之间的交流方式，并未有人找你用英语聊天，你自然就不可以获得口语的锻炼，是不是？说得专业一点，英语口语不见提升的根源就是英语环境的缺失。
口语发音要重视起来
可能有的考生针对托福口语的发音并非十分的重视。事实上口语发音是托福口语的一个十分重要的评分标准。大家可以想像下老师每天需要批改那么多的答案，若你的答案还要他去猜是什么意思，如此最后的得分肯定不高。相反，那么答案语音清晰的，得分就会相对高很多的。
严格把控时间
托福口语考试的答题时间是相当短的，最长在60秒，通常情况下的答题时间只有45秒。针对这部分时间，大家一定要把握好。到了考试时有很多考生只注意时间，表示时间凑满了，就一定会拿高分。其实，为了凑时间而出现的重复答案，并不会给你加分，反之清晰的表达出所要表达的内容最后才可以获得高分。
在此还有一种情况是你所说的答案逻辑十分清楚，有理有据，就算是用在规定时间里没有答完，如此同样不会影响你获得高分的。这一点大家一定要注意了。
平时需要多实践，多练习
针对托福口语备考而言，平时的口语练习才是最重要的。这一点，考生们能够在平日找到有的朋友一起来练习，很多学校都会给有的学外语的学生开设如同英语角这样的场所，大家可以在里面就要大胆的说。考试时需要将考试当做和朋友在一起聊天就好，这样即消除了恐惧，同时也能得到一个不错的分数。
托福2021年11月20日作文考试真题及答案
托福的作文考试，有独立写作和综合写作两部分，需要大家对两者进行进行了解。下面是我整理的托福2021年11月20日作文考试真题及答案。
2021年11月20日托福作文考试真题
独立写作
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better for older people to take risks and explore new things than younger people.
综合写作
水手死于铅中毒，有些人认为是罐头食品的原因。
阅读：
1.罐头虽然里面含有金属铅但是制作的时候这个剂量都是控制的，只是少量，而且食物在罐头里储存的时间很短，所以不应该是罐头导致的。
2.当时的其他船员也都会食用这种罐头，假如真的因为罐头不可能只有这一例中毒案件
3. 他们有一个净化水的系统，所有用水都是干净的，所以不可能是食物导致的。
听力反驳：
1. 虽然放的时间很短，但确实那些食物是inside of cans
2. 水手身体没有经过test而且light poisoning很难被识别出来
3. 通过净化器的水不能用于drinking和cooking，而海水对人身体不好，所以净化器没有用。
托福写作考试字数有没有要求?
速度提升
其实对于托福作文来说，不外乎四个字“熟能生巧”。
但是互相我们写托福 写作的过程，其实2个部分最为消耗我们的时间，第一个就是构思的过程，第二个就是想一句话怎么表达的过程。这两个部分是最为消耗时间的。因此，其实缩减写作文时间的过程，就是减少这两个部分所消耗的时间。
首先说第一个部分，构思的过程。
其实想必绝大多数上过辅导班的考友们都知道托福作文就是传统的，龙头凤尾猪肚子，这样的写作方式。第一段表明自己的观点，然后接下来每一段一开始给出分论点，最后一段进行总结，就这么简单。
但是实际上，这是我们想的方向不对，总是在向很宏观的想。这里的诀窍就是向细分领域想!当我们总是在想建筑对社会很好的时候，我们就是会很想象到理由以及例子，但是如果我们想得很细的时候，就发现好说了，比如我们可以说赵州桥，既有实用价值，也有观赏价值。这就言之有物了!这是第一，减少构思的过程的时间，靠细分领域。
接下来就是表达的过程。
其实对于表达的过程来说，我们也知道一句话，叫做日啖荔枝三百颗，不辞长作岭南人!应该是熟读唐诗三百首，不辞长作岭南人-_-!应该是不会作来，也会吟。换句话说，也就是要第一熟悉这门语言，然后多使用这门语言。
这其实就可以靠多做中译英的翻译，就会有所改进，比如说我们可以用一些网站将我们自己的作文按照对方地道的原文进行修改，这样的方法，通过大量的进行中译英的转换，来增加我们的熟练度，这样就可以逐步削减我们的思考怎样表达的时间。
字数要求
托福作文如果能达到350字-450字就已经很好了，只要达到这个范围内基本上就不会对你的分数产生任何负面影响。然而很多同学会进入一个写作误区，一味的追求字数，把本来简单的意思非要复杂化，讲的特别啰嗦。这样的同学反而不会得高分。
在官方指南中有这么一句话“An effective response is typically about 300 words long。 If you write fewer than 300 words，you may still receive a top score，but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5。”
关于托福独立写作的字数，唯一的要求就是下限，不能低于180.但是如果点写道了，再少也不可能少于180。托福独立写作基本上是机器评分就下了定论，人工评分部分基本上是重复机器的分。机器的评分标准就是对比你写的点和原文的点以及听力部分的点。答准1点，答全1点，得多少分，然后看你的改写程度，改写程度高，再加分。最后看你的结构是否完整，语法和词汇拼写正确率。注意不要照抄原文来增加字数，照抄原文造成机器认定你对原文的改写程度过低，这是会被扣分的。
ETS官方要求，托福综合写作字数要求都是150-225之间。那么，写作的字数到300字左右就会扣分么?答案是不一定。只要考生所写内容可以回答考题，不会因为超过规定字数而扣分。但是一些托友的经验来说，好文章的字数一般在300到350字左右。官方指南中明确说到：‘Suggested length is between 150 and 225 words. You will not be penalized if you write more， so long as what you write answers the question.’一般来说，大家一句句的想明白写什么，同时合理控制每句长度(一般认为12字左右为短句，25字为长句)，之后成文的字数就应当自然而然的落在此区间中。
而针对着文章的字数，ETS也曾指出：考生所写内容能回答考题，考生不会因为超出规定的字数而被扣分。
总而言之，在语言质量相同的前提下，内容充实的文章更能展现出作者的写作能力。但不能为了追求词数而牺牲质量，因为在能力不扎实的情况下， 写得越快犯的错误可能越多，导致优势失去。
2021年10月30日托福写作考试真题及解析
托福的写作考试，有独立写作和综合写作两个部分，需要考试们认真准备。以下是我整理的2021年10月30日托福写作考试真题及解析，欢迎阅读。
2021年10月30日托福写作考试真题
独立写作
A university recognized that first year students have poor study skills. It is believed that the best way to address this problem is to require all first year students to take courses on study skills， while others don’t agree with this requirement. What is your opinion？
综合写作
拉奥孔雕像是不是米开朗琪罗伪造的
阅读
1. 米开朗琪罗在成名前曾伪造丘比特，鉴于他的造假经历，拉奥孔很可能也是他伪造的
2. 拉奥孔雕像中间有一个图案，和米开朗琪罗早年一副画作很像，这副画作很可能是米开朗琪罗伪造拉奥孔的基础
3. 这样会很赚钱。米开朗琪罗一旦与售卖艺术品的人串通，可以赚很多钱
听力反驳：
1. 米开朗琪罗成名前的确伪造丘比特，但他这样做是为了像世人展示自己的天赋。当丘比特被大众认可，米开朗琪罗逐渐成名。对后来功成名就的他而言，没理由再去进行伪造
2. 米开朗琪罗的画作和雕像上的图案有很多不同。
3. 米开朗琪罗这样做风险太高，他不会冒险。他的客户基本是国王、贵族大臣，如果他敢造价，一经发现，他的事业就全毁了。
写作模板
大家在动笔以前必须要认真审题和构思，还要尽可能的明确写作的结构和内容，同时注意去观察写作要求，此点才是最重要的。
若根本就未认真的审题情况下，见题就写，没有严谨的写作思路，这样导致跑题，偏题，还与题意不符的错误，也就不能使托福写作模板中的句型和内容相匹配。
大家在最初练习写作时套用托福写作模板才是正常的事情，同时还是一个必经的过程，只有首先尝试使用其它人的东西，才能发现一些漏洞，这样才可以在此基础上做自己的写作积累。
模板大家必须要做到活学活用，一定别一字不变的照抄无误，应该是按照自己所要表达的内容进行更改。写作不一定要字字句句都是难词，长句，而是要学会运用一些常见词的常见短语去表达，这样才能真正显示写作的水平。这就要求学生再平时的学习中注意积累常用的短语或者词组，以备写作之用。另外，关于写作素材，不仅仅指写作常用的词汇，句型或者语法结构，还要包括所用的事例。因此，在平常的练习中要注意从阅读中积累素材，积累词句，而不要仅仅局限于模板之中。
若考生们真的对一个话题没有其它想法情况下，就去借鉴托福写作模板观点，那么大家还要对其做一些调整，又或是干脆在文里讲明这个思路是借鉴了哪一本参考书的，如此是能够使考生们显得很真诚。
提醒考生们在语言的运用上能够使用有的新托福写作范文的句式，但是绝对不能照抄原文。如果不会改写句式，那么换掉一些关键词。或者如果要借用关键词，则必须使用别的句式就是解决的办法之一。
2021年11月13日托福听力考试真题及答案
托福的听力考试，需要考生们认真准备，最近一起的托福考试听力的难度怎么样呢?下面和我来一起看看2021年11月13日托福听力考试真题及答案，欢迎阅读。
2021年11月13日托福听力考试真题
L1
生物发光
L2
矿物进化史
L3
艺术史，介绍一对兄妹
托福听力考试要求
1、Basic Comprehension: Gist + Details
基本理解能力的考察大概占到托福听力总体比例的70%左右，首先，几乎是每篇对话和讲座的第一道题都是主旨题，只不过问法可能不一样，而细节题占的比例也比较大。
TPO和最近考过的托福听力真题的最大区别在于：TPO听力中的细节题绝大多数都可以通过原文内容直接定位正确答案，而现在真题中的很多题目需要考生听到细节以后，结合自己的逻辑分析后，才能选出正确答案，有自己分析加工判断的过程。
这可能就是很多同学，仅仅用TPO训练之后，听力难以得到现实中高分的原因之一。
2、Pragmatic Understanding: Stance + Function
语义功能理解题大概占到总体听力题的20%左右，语义功能理解的考查的题型主要以部分重听题为主，所谓语义功能理解，就是要求考生透过教授或者学生说话的字面意思，推断话语中的真正含义。
所以，部分重听题做题的两条黄金原则：
不选和重放录音内容过度重合的答案
不选和重放录音内容字面意思相近的答案
什么叫做录音内容和选项字面意思相近呢?举个例子，比如TPO12/C1中的第5题中重放录音的内容是：Tell meabout it.题目问老师为什么讲这句话。
其中一个选项的是：She didn't hear what the student said;
还有一个选项是：She wants thestudent to explain his comment.
这两个选项就属于是典型的字面意思相近。所以我们应该选：Sheunderstands the student's problem 这个答案。
因为俚语：Tell me aboutit=You're telling me，解释为：谁说不是呢，相当于：Ithink so的意思。
很多老师或者是书籍将Tellme about it解释为：告诉我吧。可谓是贻笑大方。即使你不知道tellme about it的准确意思，也可以利用这两条技巧排除法，选出正确答案。
3、Connective Information: Categorization + Summarization
这个部分的内容是比较难的，当然，在托福听力考试中所占的比例相应也不会特别高，大概是在10%左右，因为这种类型题目的答案不会在原文中一模一样被听到。
比如summarization的题目：TPO25，lecture3的第5题：问的是Howdoes the professor organize the information in the lecture?
对于这种观点组织题，考生需要通过对文章细节的把握和自己的分析才能得出答案。
而Categorization(分类)往往是通过表格题的形式来呈现。大家做表格题的时候，一定要注意，如果错一个，整个题就不得分了。
2021年10月16日托福写作考试真题回顾
托福2021年10月16日的考试如今已经完成，相信很多学生对于这次考试的真题是很感兴趣的，现在它的考试真题也出来了。接下来就给大家讲讲这次托福考试写作各个部分的真题解析吧。
一、10月16日托福写作真题
独立写作：
work alone/with other people
综合写作：
business strategies
阅读：
1、推出新款
2、用本身品牌影响力
3、与其他品牌合作
听力：
1、之前的长期users会觉得被不尊重，不喜欢用新的，用老版本又觉得过时。例子：soft drink
2、旧的质量好不代表新的质量好，如果新产品不好用，还会影响到旧的产品。例子：tough thing和boots
3、两个互相合作到最后一个想做另一个的领域，到最后合作伙伴变成竞争对手。例子：chocolate和ice cream
二、托福写作技巧
1、托福写作审题时间不宜太长
托福写作是闭卷考试，那么你花上3～5分钟的时间去审题，去构思，是很必要的。但是，实际情况是，独立写作是开卷考试，首先题库公开，它的题型和题材都不会超出题库的范围。
你总会在题库中找到类似的题目，加之机经的强大力量，使得托福写作真的成了开卷考试。既然是开卷考试，大家就应该把审题的工作放到考试之前做，争取在1分钟之内完成，不要浪费时间，把时间用在打字上，而不是思考上。那些思维风暴、切题思路之类的，应该是事先已经准备过，训练过的。如果考到了从来没接触过的题，只能说明没有准备到位，如果审题时间超过了2分钟，那么准备也没有到位，这就是开卷考试的备考思维，满分不是临场发挥出来的，而是准备出来的。
2、利用好托福写作范文
学习范文后，考生可以开始针对不同话题的文章提出自己的观点。列提纲，寻找supporting details。这样，做好了充分的准备，就可以有真正的开始练笔阶段。需要说明的是，如果同学们没有好的模拟写作小软件，建议使用windows自带的写字板，切忌使用Microsoft Word等具有纠错功能的软件进行模拟写作。这是因为托福写作中拼写错误也是会导致扣分的，而自带的纠错软件会帮助考生修整这个问题，让大家无法注意到自己的拼写问题，真正考试的时候容易出现错误。而在练笔的最初阶段考生可以不计时间，但熟悉了写作的流程后一定要每次写作都计时，模拟真实的考试环境。
三、托福写作步骤
1、仔细审题，分析提示句，明确三方面问题
切题是写好文章最重要的前提。有的考生抱怨，自己感觉文章内容丰富、语言生动流畅，得分却不高。其实，文章跑题是分数偏低的主要原因。因此，审好题、审清 题在很大程度上关系到整篇文章的成败，绝不可以掉以轻心。审题，不仅要仔细研究题目，还要结合给出的提示句加以分析。
2、围绕提示句，构建文章框架
草拟提纲时，要紧紧围绕提示句，尤其是提示句的关键词，尽量多地扩展提示句所提供的信息，从而基本构筑出文章的框架。在扩展提示句时，要注意，可以原封不 动地照抄提示句中的关键词，但是绝对不要照搬提示句中的词组和句子，一定要变换意思相同的表达进行替换，这是显示考生语言应用能力的重要一环。
3、依据所拟提纲，写出全文主旨句及段落主题句
全文主旨句（thesis statement）涵盖全文的核心内容，而段落主题句（topic sentence）则是统领段落中心内容的。段落主题句是为全文主旨句服务的。很多同学对全文主旨句缺乏了解，甚至无法区分全文主旨句和段落主题句。
4、参照提纲，紧扣主题句，完成段落
有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，从而完成各个段落。写作段落时，要尽可能多地搜集细节来支持主题。下面给考生呈上有关“电视对孩子不良影响”的引言段、各段主题句及结论部分。
5、检查和修改
托福考试时间紧张，匆匆完稿之后，疏漏在所难免，因而有必要复查，修改，及时纠正偏差，堵塞漏洞，从而将作文质量再提高一步。